United Kingdom (UK) - Skilled worker visa, Temporary worker visa, and other work visas rules (Updated in May 2025):
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 Understand the work visa or Work permit for the UK: Non-UK residents must have permission to work in the UK. In most cases, this means applying for a UK work visa. The United Kingdom has a structured visa system designed to accommodate a wide range of employment scenarios, making it a prime destination for individuals seeking professional opportunities. There is no general work visa or permit for the UK. Instead, the UK offers many different work visa routes, focused mainly on skilled workers and specific schemes designed to attract certain worker profiles. Whether you're a skilled worker with a job offer, a leader in your field, or seeking temporary work experience, understanding the correct visa type for your situation is the first step towards a successful application. With a myriad of visa types, each catering to specific employment scenarios, understanding the nuances of this system are not just beneficial; It's essential. Selecting an inappropriate visa type or misunderstanding of eligibility criteria can lead to application rejections, wasted time, and missed opportunities. This blog summarises the main UK work visa routes and the eligibility and procedural requirements you'll need to meet to navigate the visa application process confidently. The UK work visa system is part of the broader UK immigration system, which categorises visas based on the purpose of stay, such as work, study, visit, or family. |
The Legal Framework Governing Work Visas in the UK: At its core, the UK work visa system is governed by a combination of immigration rules, policies, and Regulations that aim to attract skilled workers while maintaining the integrity of the labour market. The foundation of the UK's work visa policy is The Immigration Rules, which the Home Office governs. These rules outline the requirements for entry into the UK for work, the conditions of stay, and the rights and responsibilities of a visa holders. The Points-Based System is a significant part of this legal framework, especially following the UK's departure from the European Union, which led to the Introduction of a new immigration system treating EU and non-EU citizens equally. Key legislation and policies that impact The work visa system includes: The Immigration Act: Controlling immigration and regulating entry into and stay in the UK.
The Points-Based System (PBS): Workers can enter the UK for work purposes. This system requires applicants to score specific points based on predetermined criteria. Sponsorship for UK work visas: Having a sponsor is typically a requirement for obtaining a UK work visa. A sponsor is a licensed employer in the UK who plays a crucial role in the visa application process. Understanding the concept of sponsorship and the responsibilities of licensed sponsors It is essential for a successful visa application. Licensed sponsors are responsible for endorsing and supporting your application for a UK work visa. They play a vital role In ensuring that you meet the necessary criteria and comply with the rules and Regulations of the visa category you are in applying for. Sponsors must provide information about their job, including the role, salary, and employment conditions. They must also hold a valid sponsor license issued by The Home Office, demonstrating its commitment to following the immigration rules and providing genuine employment opportunities. |
Types of Work Visas in the UK: Work visas for the UK may be classified in many ways. They may be described as follows:
If you have a job offer in the UK:
If you don't have a job offer in the UK:
If you will be working in the UK for your overseas employer:
If you are looking to apply for a temporary or seasonal work visa:
Visa for working in your own UK business:
Sponsors and sponsorship:
Other UK work visas and permits:
Work visas that are closed to new applicants:
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Skilled worker visa:
The Skilled Worker visa is a sponsored working visa route that enables skilled foreign nationals to work in the UK and replaces the previous Tier 2 (general) visa. To apply for a Skilled Worker visa, applicants must score enough points on the Home Office's Points-Based System (PBS) by:
Skilled Worker visa applicants are usually permitted to stay for up to 5 years, at which point they can apply to extend their stay. After 5 years, it is also possible to gain permanent settlement in the UK (ILR). |
Skilled Worker Visa Requirements:
Skilled Worker Visa Minimum Salary:
Option- A Requirements - The applicant's salary equals or exceeds both: • £38,700 per year; and • The going rate for the SOC 2020 occupation code. Points - 20 = Option- B Requirements - The applicant has a PhD in a subject relevant to the job, and their salary equals or exceeds both: • £34,830 per year; and • 90% of the going rate for the SOC 2020 occupation code. Points - 20 = Option- C Requirements - The applicant has a PhD in a STEM subject relevant to the job, and their salary equals or exceeds both: • £30,960 per year; and • 80% of the going rate for the SOC 2020 occupation code. Points - 20 = Option- D Requirements - The applicant is being sponsored for a job on the Immigration Salary List, and their salary equals or exceeds both: • £30,960 per year; and • the going rate for the SOC 2020 occupation code Points - 20 = Option- E Requirements - The applicant is a new entrant at the start of their career, and their salary equals or exceeds both: • £30,960 per year and • 70% of the going rate for the SOC 2020 occupation code. Points - 20 = Option- F Requirements - The applicant's salary equals or exceeds both: • £29,000 per year; and • The going rate for the SOC 2020 occupation code. Points - 20 = Option- G Requirements - The applicant has a PhD in a subject relevant to the job, and their salary equals or exceeds both: • £26,100 per year; and • 90% of the going rate for the SOC 2020 occupation code. Points - 20 = Option- H Requirements - The applicant has a PhD in a STEM subject relevant to the job, and their salary equals or exceeds both: • £25,000 per year; and • 80% of the going rate for the SOC 2020 occupation code. Points -20 = Option- I Requirements - The applicant is being sponsored for a job on the Immigration Salary List, and their salary equals or exceeds both: • £25,000 per year; and • The going rate for the SOC 2020 occupation code. Points - 20 = Option- J Requirements - The applicant is a new entrant at the start of their career, and their salary equals or exceeds both: • £25,000 per year; and • 70% of the going rate for the SOC 2020 occupation code. Points - 20 = Option- K Requirements - The applicant is being sponsored for a job in a listed health or education occupation, and their salary equals or exceeds both: • £25,000 per year; and • the going rate for the SOC 2020 occupation code. Points - 20 |
Salary Threshold for New Skilled Worker Visa Applicants: The standard salary threshold for most applicants is £38,700. A lower, discounted threshold of £30,960 applies for roles listed on the Immigration Salary List or if the applicant is a new entrant to the labour market. Eligible applicants relying on a relevant PhD will now earn £34,830; the new minimum threshold for those relying on a relevant STEM PhD is £30,960.
Salary Threshold for Existing Skilled Worker Visa Applicants pre-4 April 2024: From April 4, 2024, the salary threshold of £29,000 applies to existing Skilled Worker visa holders making new applications, such as extensions or changing their employer. |
Skill Requirement for Skilled Worker Visa: Skilled worker visa holders can only work in specific eligible roles. The role must be deemed at RQF level 3 or above, equivalent to a UK A-level, to be eligible. Any roles considered lower than this will not qualify under the skilled worker visa requirements. The Home Office uses 'Standard Occupation Codes' (SOC) to assess roles for skilled worker visa eligibility. The sponsor should identify the relevant SOC code for the role to determine if the job is eligible for the Skilled Worker route. This can be done using the ONS occupation coding tool. The job description on the list should match the position being filled. Once the code has been identified, it must be cross-referenced with the list of eligible jobs to check that it is included and eligible under the Skilled Worker route. Employers must not use an unsuitable job code or exaggerate the requirements of a role to fit into a SOC code, for example, to make the role seem more highly skilled and, therefore, eligible. If there has been a genuine error in selecting the wrong code, this can usually be corrected. The Home Office can refuse a Skilled Worker visa application if the caseworker determines that the job being recruited for, or the applicant's skills and experience, do not match the relevant SOC code and skill level requirement. |
Sponsored Role Requirement for Skilled Worker Visa: Twenty mandatory points must be attained about employment sponsorship. Requirements are placed on the worker and their employer (i.e., the sponsor). The sponsor must hold a valid sponsorship licence with an A rating. The sponsor must also have paid the Immigration Skills Charge. The Home Office will also determine whether the vacancy and employment are genuine, i.e., whether the sponsoring organisation has a genuine need for the job. The worker must have been assigned a valid Certificate of Sponsorship by the employer specific to the role for which they are being recruited. |
Certificate of Sponsorship (CoS) Requirement for Skilled Worker Visa: Before the worker can submit their visa application, their UK sponsor must issue them a valid Certificate of Sponsorship (CoS) to confirm that the individual and role meet the sponsorship eligibility requirements. The CoS is a reference number that the Skilled Worker visa applicant must provide with their Home Office application. Only licensed sponsors can issue a CoS. There are now two types of Certificate of Sponsorship: The defined Certificate of Sponsorship and the undefined Certificate of Sponsorship. These replace the old restricted and unrestricted CoS applicable before December 1, 2020. Undefined CoS are for either workers already in the UK with valid leave applying to switch into the skilled worker category from another immigration route, or those applying under one of the other visa routes from within the UK or overseas. Defined CoS is for out-of-country skilled worker visa applications. Sponsors must pay and apply for a defined CoS. This is a specific application to the Home Office, and details of the particular job and salary must be provided. It costs £525 to assign a CoS under a Worker sponsor licence. UKVI allocates an undefined CoS to sponsors on an annual basis. The number of CoS will depend on factors such as the sponsor's workforce size and the nature of the business. Any unused CoS will be removed from the SMS at the end of each 12 months. It is also possible to apply for additional undefined CoS during the year. |
English Language Requirement of Skill Worker Visa: The required English level is a minimum B1 on the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages scale for reading, writing, speaking, and understanding English. Most Skilled Worker visa applicants must prove they meet the English language requirement, unless they have already done so as part of a previous UK immigration application or if they are a national of one of the exempt countries. Unless exempt, language ability must be evidenced by either having a GCSE, A level, Scottish National Qualification level 4 or 5, Scottish Higher or Advanced Higher in English; having a degree-level academic qualification that was taught in English; or passing an approved Secure English Language Test (SELT). Applicants are exempt from the English language requirement if they are from any of the following countries:
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Financial Maintenance Requirement for Skilled Worker Visa: The applicant must show they meet the financial requirement and have sufficient funds to support themselves, as they will not have access to public funds such as benefits. The rules state applicants must have at least £1,270 in their bank account when applying. This amount must have been available for at least 28 consecutive days, with day 28 being within 31 days of making the visa application. The applicant will need to provide evidence of their savings, unless they have been in the UK for 12 months with lawful status, or if their sponsor agrees to meet their costs of up to £1,270 during their first month in the UK. The sponsor should confirm on the Certificate of Sponsorship that they will meet the financial requirement under your certificate's ‘sponsor certifies maintenance' section. This is under 'Additional data'. Additional funds will be needed if dependents are applying. The principal applicant's partner must show funds of £285, and a further £315 must be shown for the first dependent child applicant. The financial requirement for any additional child must be met by showing funds of £200 per additional child. For example, a Skilled Worker visa with a spouse and three children would need to show maintenance funds of at least £2,270 (=£1,270 + £285 + £315 + £200 + £200). |
Background Check Requirement for Skilled Worker Visa: Some applicants may also need to show a criminal records certificate if their occupation requires this. |
Application processing for a Skilled Worker Visa:
Steps & descriptions: Step 1: Obtain Job Offer Secure a job offer from a UK employer with a sponsorship license. = Step 2: Apply for CoS: The employer issues a Certificate of Sponsorship. = Step 3: Gather Documents: Collect all required documents for the visa application. = Step 4: Complete Online Application: Fill out the online visa application form and pay the fees. = Step 5: Biometric Appointment: Attend an appointment to provide fingerprints and a photo. = Step 6: Wait for Decision: Wait for the Home Office to process the application. = Step 7: Receive Visa: If approved, receive the visa and prepare to move to the UK. Applicants from outside the EU, Switzerland, Norway, Iceland, or Liechtenstein, and those from the EU, Switzerland, Norway, Iceland, or Liechtenstein who do not have a chipped biometric passport, must also have a blank page on their passport. The Home Office will assess applicants' applications based on their accumulated points under the points-based system. It is important to note that the offer of a genuine job with a valid certificate of sponsorship does not guarantee the successful grant of a Skilled Worker visa. The prospective employee must still meet all the other relevant criteria. The Home Office will also consider any general grounds for refusal, including any relevant criminal history or previous immigration violations. | |
Skilled Worker Visa Processing Timeline: The key stages and expected timeframes involved in the Skilled Worker Visa application process, to support effective planning, are described below: Stage: Job Offer and Certificate of Sponsorship (CoS): Duration:- A few weeks to a couple of months. Details: Secure a job offer from a UK employer with a valid sponsorship licence. The employer issues a CoS, a unique reference number for your visa application. == Stage: Preparation of Documents: Duration: 1-2 weeks. Details: Gather necessary documents, including your passport, CoS, proof of English proficiency, financial evidence, and other required documents. == Stage: Online Visa Application: Duration: A few hours. Details: Complete the online Skilled Worker Visa application form, pay the application fee and Immigration Health Surcharge (IHS), and book a biometric appointment. == Stage: Biometric Appointment: Duration: Typically within 1-2 weeks. Details: You must attend a UK Visa and Citizenship Application Services (UKVCAS) centre to provide fingerprints and a photograph. Bring all required documents. == Stage: Visa Processing: Duration:
Details: Processing time starts after biometric information is submitted. Standard processing can take up to 8 weeks, with faster options available for an additional cost. == Stage: Decision and Notification: Duration: Within the chosen processing time. Details: Receive an email or letter with the decision. If approved, your passport will be stamped with a vignette, and you will receive a Biometric Residence Permit (BRP) upon arrival in the UK. == Stage: Travel to the UK: Duration: Within 30 days of receiving the vignette Details: Enter the UK within the 30 days specified on your visa vignette. Collect your BRP from a designated post office within 10 days of arrival. == Stage: Settling In: Duration: Ongoing. Details: Begin employment with the sponsoring employer, adhere to visa conditions, and ensure compliance with UK immigration rules. | |
Skilled Worker Visa Supporting Documents: The applicant must compile and submit documents to prove their identity and eligibility along with the application form. Depending on where the application is being made – in the UK or overseas – the applicant will either have to use the UK Government's 'UK Immigration: ID Check' app to submit the ID document, or submit biometric information (fingerprints and a photograph) at a UKVCAS centre. Document: Certificate of Sponsorship (CoS): Purpose: This is a confirmation of your job offer and employment details. Your UK employer issues it and includes a unique reference number and job offer details. == Document: Sponsor's Name and Licence Number. Purpose: Identify the employer's sponsorship status, the employer's name, and the sponsor licence number. == Document: Job Title Confirmation. Purpose: Verifies the job position. It confirms your job title as stated in your employment contract. == Document: Annual Salary Confirmation. Purpose: Verifies that the salary meets visa requirements. It is a confirmation of your annual salary for the job offer. == Document: Job Occupation Code Purpose: Classifies the job according to UK standards. It is the specific occupation code for your job as listed in the job offer. == Document: Current Passport. Purpose: Identity and travel document. It must be valid for the duration of your stay in the UK. Include any previous passports covering your stay in the UK. == Document: Expired Passports or Travel Documents. Purpose: Previous passports or travel documents to demonstrate your travel history. == Document: Proof of Personal Savings. Purpose: Demonstrates financial ability. Bank statements showing required maintenance funds held for at least 28 days before application, if applicable. == Document: Proof of English Proficiency. Purpose: Demonstrates meeting the English language requirement. Approved English language test results (B1 level or higher), or a degree taught in English, if applicable. == Document: TB Test Results (if applicable) Purpose: Health requirements for applicants from certain countries. Tuberculosis test results from an approved clinic if you are from a country requiring TB testing. == Document: Proof of Relationship (for dependents). Purpose: Demonstrates relationship with spouse/partner and children. Marriage certificate, birth certificates for children, or evidence of living together for unmarried partners. == Document: Valid ATAS Certificate (if applicable). Purpose: Required for specific sensitive subjects. Academic Technology Approval Scheme (ATAS) certificate if your field of study or work requires it. == Document: UK PhD Certificate or ECCTIS Reference Number (if applicable). Purpose: Verifies academic qualifications. UK PhD certificate or an Ecctis reference number if claiming points for a qualification. == Document: Criminal Record Certificate (if applicable). Purpose: Background check for criminal records. A certificate from relevant authorities in your home country or any country where you have lived for more than 12 months in the past 10 years is required if working in the education, health, or social care sectors. == Document: Employment Contract. Purpose: Verifies ongoing employment with a UK employer. A contract from your UK employer detailing job title, salary, and terms of employment. == Document: Accommodation Details. Purpose: Confirms place of residence in the UK: rental agreement or letter from your sponsor confirming accommodation arrangements. | |
Skilled Worker Visa Fees (visa costs): The applicant will have to pay the visa application fee, with the amount payable depending on factors such as whether the job is on the Immigration Salary List. The exact costs apply to any dependents applying with the principal visa applicant. The details of visa fees include: Application type: Applying from outside the UK. Application fee per applicant:
== Application type: Applying from inside the UK (switching, updating, or extending). Application fee per applicant:
== Application type: Immigration Salary List roles, both in-country and out-of-country applications. Application fee per applicant:
== In addition to processing fees, applicants must pay the Immigration Health Surcharge for each year of leave. | |
Application Tips for Skilled Worker Visa: Improve your chances of a successful Skilled Worker Visa application by following these tips: Ensure All Documents Are Complete: Gather all required documents before starting your application. This includes your passport, Certificate of Sponsorship (CoS), proof of English language proficiency, and financial evidence. Missing documents can delay the process. = Check Sponsor's License Status: Verify that your employer has a valid sponsorship licence. You can check the official list of licensed sponsors on the UK government website. An invalid permit can result in application rejection. = Understand the Financial Requirements: Ensure you meet the maintenance funds requirement. You must show that you have enough money to support yourself and any dependents without relying on public funds. Maintain the required amount in your bank account for at least 28 days. = Prepare for the English Language Test: Book and prepare for an approved English language test well in advance if required. Achieving the necessary score is crucial for your visa approval. Exemptions apply to nationals of majority English-speaking countries or those with degrees taught in English. = Accurately Complete the Online Application: Fill in all sections of the online application form accurately. Double-check all details to avoid errors, which can lead to delays or rejections. Ensure you select the correct visa category. = Pay the Immigration Health Surcharge (IHS): Calculate and pay the IHS as part of your application. During your stay, this surcharge provides access to the UK's National Health Service (NHS). The amount depends on the length of your visa. = Book and Attend the Biometric Appointment Promptly: Schedule your biometric appointment as soon as you receive the invitation. Attend the appointment on time and bring all required documents. Missing this appointment can delay your application. = Choose the Right Processing Service: Based on your timeline and budget, decide between standard, priority, or super priority processing. Priority services cost more but can significantly reduce processing times. = Keep Copies of All Submitted Documents: Make copies of all documents submitted with your application, including your online application form, supporting documents, and payment receipts. Keeping records can be helpful in case of any issues or queries. = Monitor Application Status: Check the status of your application regularly. Expect updates within the promised timeframe if you opted for priority or super-priority service. Contact UKVI if there are any unexpected delays. = Prepare for Arrival in the UK: Plan your arrival in the UK within the 30 days specified on your visa vignette. Ensure you collect your Biometric Residence Permit (BRP) from the designated post office within 10 days of arrival. | |
Skilled worker visa: duration & conditions: Skilled worker visa holders must comply with certain conditions, including ensuring their status does not expire and taking specific steps if they change employers, lose jobs, or want additional work. Duration of a Skilled Worker visa: The skilled worker visa is usually granted for up to 5 years. At this point, the visa holder would need to apply to extend the visa, or on completing the 5-year residency requirement, they may become eligible to apply for UK indefinite leave to remain. The number of times the Skilled Worker visa can be extended is unlimited, provided the worker meets the visa requirements. Changing Jobs or Employer as a Skilled Worker: If the visa holder changes sponsors or jobs, they will need to apply for a new period of leave by making an application for a new Skilled Worker visa based on their new Certificate of Sponsorship. Additional Work with a Skilled Worker Visa: Specific rules govern whether a Skilled Worker with a visa can take on a second job or earn supplemental income in addition to their sponsored role. Skilled worker visa holders are permitted to take on additional work (including voluntary work) provided they are still employed by their original sponsor, continue to undertake their central sponsored role, and meet certain conditions. Suppose the Skilled Worker is a GP trainee and has been granted permission up to 4 months after the end date listed on their CoS. In that case, they can undertake supplementary work during this period, even if their original sponsor no longer employs them. In all other situations, however, the worker must continue working for their sponsor to be eligible for supplementary work. The additional role can only be for up to 20 hours a week and only for working hours outside those covered by the CoS. It can also only be in an occupation listed under the rules. If these conditions are met, the worker does not need to inform the Home Office of this additional employment. However, if they are not met, the worker must notify the Home Office to request that their visa be updated to include sponsorship for both jobs. To do this, the worker will need a Certificate of Sponsorship from their second employer and an accompanying letter requesting to vary the terms of the current visa.
Losing Your Sponsored Job: If you've lost your job as a Skilled Worker visa, you have a 60-day grace period to remain in the UK and seek new employment. If you find a new job with a UK employer with a valid sponsorship licence during this time, you should obtain a new COS and apply for a new Skilled Worker Visa using the new COS. If finding a new sponsor proves difficult, consider switching to another visa type, such as a Family Visa, if eligible. It is critical to comply with all visa conditions during this period and seek professional advice if needed. Failure to secure new employment or switch visas within the grace period means you must leave the UK to avoid overstaying. | |
Skilled Worker Visa: Requirements for Employers: If you hire a non-UK resident under the UK's points-based system, you may need to apply to the Home Office for a sponsorship license. This is the permission needed for UK employers to sponsor overseas nationals for a visa to work in the UK in a specific role in an eligible skilled occupation. Employers do not need a licence to hire someone with an existing right to work in the UK that allows them to do the job in question, such as those with valid settled status under the EU settlement scheme, those holding indefinite leave to remain, or anyone with British citizenship. To be eligible for a Skilled Worker sponsor licence, the organisation must provide evidence that it is a genuine organisation operating lawfully in the UK and suitable to sponsor skilled migrant workers. In assessing suitability, UK Visas and Immigration (UKVI) will consider if: The organisation can offer genuine employment in the UK that meets the required skills threshold of RQF3 or above, and pays the relevant minimum salary threshold. The organisation can meet the sponsorship duties if it has adequate HR systems and practices and suitable key personnel. The key personnel are the people who will operate the sponsor management system (SMS) and be responsible for discharging the duties of a licensed sponsor. The organisation, its key personnel, and management are honest, dependable, and reliable, where any history of immigration violations or relevant unspent criminal convictions relating to those involved in the day-to-day running of the business or the key personnel named on the sponsor licence application could affect its ability to sponsor overseas workers. | |
Skilled Worker Visa: Rules for Dependants: You can bring your family to the UK with a skilled worker visa. Family members or dependents include your spouse or partner and your children. The UK government has set out specific requirements and processes to ensure that dependents can join you while you work and live in the UK. Your dependents can include your husband, wife, civil partner, or unmarried partner. Unmarried partners must have lived together in a relationship akin to marriage for at least two years before the application. Your children can apply as dependents if they are under 18 years old at the time of application. Children over 18 may be eligible if they are currently in the UK as your dependent, unmarried, in a civil partnership, or living independently. You must demonstrate that you have sufficient funds to support your dependents while they are in the UK. This is in addition to the maintenance funds required for your visa application. For a spouse or partner, you must show that you have an additional £285. For your first child, an additional £315 is required. You must show an additional £200 per child for each subsequent child. | |
Skilled Worker Visa: FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions): What is the UK Skilled Worker Visa? The UK Skilled Worker Visa allows individuals with a job offer from an approved UK employer to live and work in the UK. The visa is part of the UK's points-based immigration system.
Who is eligible for the Skilled Worker Visa? You must have a job offer from a UK employer with a valid sponsorship license to be eligible. You must also meet the minimum skill level, salary, and English language requirements.
How do I apply for the Skilled Worker Visa? You can apply online by filling out the application form, providing the required documents, and paying the necessary fees. You will also need to attend a biometric appointment.
What documents are required for the application? Key documents include your passport, certificate of sponsorship from your employer, proof of English proficiency, proof of financial means, and any relevant qualifications.
How long does it take to process the visa? The processing time typically ranges from three to eight weeks, depending on your location and the complexity of your application.
How much does the Skilled Worker Visa cost? The cost varies depending on your situation. For example, a visa for which the CoS has been assigned for 3 years or less and is applied for from outside the UK costs £769. In addition to the visa application fee, there is the healthcare surcharge and possibly additional costs for dependents and expedited processing.
What is a Certificate of Sponsorship (CoS)? A CoS is an electronic document issued by your UK employer that confirms your job offer and is required for your visa application. It includes details about the job and salary.
What are the English language requirements? You must demonstrate proficiency in English by passing an approved English language test at the required level or by holding a degree taught in English.
Can I bring my family members with me? You can bring your spouse/partner and children under 18 as dependents, provided they apply for dependent visas and meet the financial requirements.
How long can I stay in the UK with this visa? The visa is typically granted for up to five years. You can apply to extend it or switch to another visa before it expires.
Can I apply for permanent residency? After five years on a Skilled Worker Visa, you may be eligible to apply for Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR), provided you meet the residency and other requirements.
What happens if I lose my job? If you lose your job, you must find another employer to sponsor you or switch to another visa category. You have a grace period of 60 days to do so.
What are the common reasons for visa refusal? Common reasons include not meeting the eligibility criteria, insufficient documentation, failing the English language requirement, and not having a valid Certificate of Sponsorship.
Who is classed as a skilled worker? A skilled worker will be working in a job role in the UK that is deemed to have a skill level of RQF3 or above (equivalent to A level), as set out under Appendix Skilled Occupations to the Immigration Rules.
Is Tier 2 the same as the skilled worker visa? The Skilled Worker visa replaced the Tier 2 (General) visa, similar to the old one. However, some changes aim to simplify the process for sponsors and applicants.
Do EU nationals need a visa to work in the UK? Except for Irish citizens, all EU nationals coming to work in the UK after January 1, 2021, need permission to work, which could be either a valid status under the EU Settlement Scheme or a valid visa. What is the process for a skilled worker visa holder to obtain Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR)? Securing Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR) is a significant step towards obtaining permanent residency in the UK. It grants you the right to live, work, and study in the UK without any time restrictions and is a key milestone on the path to British citizenship. To apply for ILR, Skilled Worker Visa holders must meet several requirements. You must have lived in the UK continuously for at least five years. You cannot have spent more than 180 days outside the UK in 12 months. You must hold a valid Skilled Worker Visa during your ILR application. You must have ongoing employment with a UK employer and a valid sponsorship licence. Your job must still meet the skill level and salary requirements, and you must typically earn at least £25,600 per year or the 'going rate' for your occupation, whichever is higher. You need to demonstrate proficiency in English by passing an approved English language test at B1 level or higher, unless you are exempt (for example, if you are a national of a majority English-speaking country or hold a degree taught in English). You must pass the 'Life in the UK Test,' which assesses your knowledge of British customs, traditions, and history. Additionally, you must provide evidence of financial stability, although this requirement is generally less stringent than during the initial visa application. Can I switch to a Skilled Worker Visa from another visa category? If you meet the eligibility criteria, can you switch to the Skilled Worker visa? In many circumstances, applying from within the UK to switch to the Skilled Worker route is possible, provided certain conditions are met. The rules will largely depend on the type of visa the individual is looking to switch from. Student visa holders, for example, must generally have completed their studies before they can switch to a Skilled Worker visa unless the job starts after the course has been completed or they have been studying on a PhD course for at least 24 months. Switchers must still meet all of the Skilled Worker eligibility requirements. It is not possible to switch into the Skilled Worker category if an individual is currently in the UK with status under any of the following:
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Worker visas other than a skilled worker visa: |
Health and Care Worker visa for Healthcare Professionals: Healthcare professionals looking to work in roles in the UK health or adult social care sector should instead look at the Health and Care Worker visa. This route is specifically designed for health sector occupations, such as qualified nurses, doctors, adult social care professionals, etc. It offers visa holders several benefits over the Skilled Worker visa, such as a lower application fee and exemption from the Immigration Health Surcharge. Specific eligibility criteria apply for the Health & Care Worker visa, with only particular roles eligible under this route, as specified on the Home Office Immigration Salary List. However, the list is subject to change, and sponsors and workers are advised to double-check that a role continues to be eligible when making an application. Salary Threshold for Health and Care Workers visa: The salary for a Health and Care Worker visa depends on the job's occupation code. For most Health and Care Worker visa applicants, the general salary requirement is £29,000 per year, or the lower going rate for the job, whichever is higher. Each eligible occupation has its own going rate. For example, if the lower going rate for the role is £33,000 and the salary offer is £30,000, this applicant would not meet the salary requirement. Certain applicants may qualify for a Health and Care Worker visa with a reduced salary of 70% to 90% of the going rate, provided they earn at least £25,000 per year. This applies to individuals under 26, recent graduates, those in professional training, or those working towards registration or chartered status. In these cases, the total stay in the UK is limited to four years, including any time spent on a Tier 2 (General) visa. Applicants with a relevant UK or recognised PhD may also benefit from salary discounts. Those with a STEM PhD can receive 80% of the going rate (minimum £25,000). Non-STEM PhD holders can be paid 90% (minimum £26,100), subject to employer confirmation and Ecctis validation if the qualification is from overseas. Postdoctoral scientists in occupation codes 2113 and 2114 may qualify at 70% of the going rate if paid at least £25,000, with a four-year stay limit. For roles on the Immigration Salary List, the minimum salary is £23,200 or the full going rate, whichever is higher. No additional salary reductions apply to these jobs. |
Scale-up visa: The Scale Up visa is a new immigration route that opens on August 22, 2022. It is for foreign nationals with high skills or qualifications who have a job sponsored by a UK company in the scale-up phase (growth phase). Two options are expected to be available under the Scale-Up visa: sponsored and unsponsored. Scale-Up visa 2022 applicants are expected to require: A high level of skills is needed to be considered "academically elite". A Certificate of Sponsorship is required when applying for the first time; if you were previously permitted to stay as a Scale-Up worker, you will not require sponsorship. A highly skilled job offer from a Scale-Up company (i.e., with annual growth in staff or turnover of at least 20% over the last 3 years) A salary of £33,000 or more Sufficient knowledge of the English language The Scale Up visa is also expected to be renewable (i.e., it can be further extended), and holders can settle in the UK (ILR) after spending five continuous years here. |
Temporary worker visa: Temporary Worker visas allow foreign nationals to work in the UK temporarily, but only for permitted purposes. There are several types of Temporary Work visas available in the UK, as follows:
Temporary Worker visas are issued for 3 months and 2 years, depending on your chosen visa. In most cases, you must be 18 years or older, have a job offer and Certificate of Sponsorship (CoS) from a licensed temporary worker sponsor, and have sufficient funds to support yourself (at least £1,270). It is essential to check the exact eligibility criteria for your chosen visa. You can also extend your Temporary Worker visa, but holders should be aware that there is often a maximum permitted length of stay. While you cannot take a permanent role in the UK on a temporary visa, you may be able to switch to a different type of visa that will allow you to do so (e.g., a Skilled Worker visa). Likewise, Temporary Worker visas do not provide a route to direct settlement, but you may be able to switch to a different type of visa that qualifies for ILR. |
Global business mobility visa: The Global Business Mobility visa scheme was launched in 2022 and includes five new visas, all intended to make it easier for overseas businesses to operate within the UK. Visas under this route enable existing employees of overseas companies to come to the UK to work for a company here or establish a new branch or subsidiary in the case of the expansion visa. The new visas are as follows: Senior or Specialist Worker visa – replaces the Intra-Company Transfer Visa (ICT). Graduate Trainee visa – replaces the Intra-Company Transfer Graduate Visa. UK Expansion Worker visa – replaces the existing Sole Representative of an Overseas Business Visa. Secondment Worker visa. Service Supplier visa. Global Business Mobility visa applicants must have a Certificate of Sponsorship and meet specific criteria for the visa they are applying for. The permitted length of stay under this scheme varies from 6 months (for the service supplier visa) to 5 years (for a Senior or Specialist Worker visa). In most cases, extending a Global Business Mobility visa is possible, but only within the maximum length of stay permitted. None of the Global Business Mobility visas provides a direct route to settlement. However, switching to a different type of visa that qualifies for ILR is possible. |
High Potential Individual (HPI) visa: The High Potential Individual visa (HPI) is a new route that opened on May 30, 2022. It is for foreign nationals with an overseas 'degree-level' qualification gained recently from a top university in the Home Office's global universities list. HPI visa applicants do not require a job offer and can find work once they arrive. The applicants must be 18 years old, hold an overseas degree from an educational institution on the Global Universities List gained in the last 5 years, meet the English language requirements, and have sufficient support funds of at least £1,270. High Potential Individual visa holders can usually stay for up to 2 years (or 3 years if they hold a Ph.D.); however, the option to extend is not available. However, gaining ILR as a High Potential Individual visa holder is impossible. Those who wish to stay longer or settle here must consider switching to a different type of visa (e.g., Skilled Worker visa). |
Graduate visa: The UK graduate visa is for foreign nationals who have completed a degree or post-graduate course in the UK and allows them to stay for an additional 2 years (3 years with a Ph.D.). Graduate visa applicants must apply from within the UK, hold an existing or Tier 4 student visa, and have completed a bachelor's or postgraduate degree in the UK. Graduate visa holders cannot extend their stay or apply for settlement; however, they can switch to a different type of visa if they want to stay in the UK. |
Global Talent visa: The Global Talent Visa is for foreign nationals considered leaders or potential leaders in academia or research, arts and culture, or digital technology. Global Talent Visa applicants must be 18 or older and endorsed as leaders or potential leaders by an approved endorsing body. Successful Global Talent visa applicants are usually permitted to stay for up to 5 years, and this can be further extended. The Global Talent visa allows holders to apply for permanent settlement (ILR) after 3 or 5 years. To qualify for fast-track settlement after 3 years, Global Talent visa holders must have been endorsed by the British Academy, the Royal Academy of Engineering, the Royal Society, UK Research and Innovation, Arts Council England, or Tech Nation. |
UK Ancestry visa: The UK Ancestry visa is intended for Commonwealth and British Overseas citizens and nationals. Applicants must have a grandparent born in the UK (or the Channel Islands or the Isle of Man). Ancestry visa holders can stay for up to 5 years, after which they can apply for ILR. The eligibility criteria for the Ancestry visa require that applicants be 17 or over and a commonwealth citizen, British overseas citizen, British overseas territories citizen, British national (overseas), or citizen of Zimbabwe. Applicants must also submit their application from outside the UK, provide proof that their grandparent was born in the UK, the Channel Islands, or the Isle of Man, intend to work in the UK, and have sufficient funds to support themselves and their dependents. |
Other work permits for the UK: In addition to the above work visas or work permits, several other immigration categories provide the right to work; these include:
Those who wish to work in the UK should also consider applying for a business visa (e.g., an Innovator or Start-up visa), which would allow them to establish and work in their own innovative business. |
Rights and responsibilities during stay in the UK on a Work Visa: Living in the UK on a work visa comes with a specific set of rights and responsibilities that ensure the mutual benefit of both the visa holder and the UK. Understanding these aspects is crucial for a smooth transition and staying in the country. | |
Rights with a UK Work Visa | Responsibilities with a UK work visa |
Work: | Adhere to Visa Conditions: |
Change of Employment: | Tax and National Insurance: You might also be taxed on foreign income depending on your residence status and whether the income is brought into the UK. It is advisable to understand the UK tax system or consult a tax adviser to ensure compliance and take advantage of any applicable tax relief or exemptions. |
Bring Dependents: | Register with the Police: |
Access to Education: | |
Healthcare: NHS services include visits to the doctor (GP), hospital treatments, and emergency care. However, certain services, such as prescriptions, dental care, and eye tests, may require additional charges. | |
UK Work Visa Eligibility Criteria and Requirements: You must meet specific eligibility criteria to apply for a UK work visa. These requirements vary depending on the work visa you are applying for. Below, we will outline the general requirements for most work visa categories and the specific criteria for each type. These requirements include:
Points-Based System (PBS): The points-based system assigns points to different criteria, such as your level of education, previous work experience, and salary level. Meeting the minimum required points is essential for a successful visa application. Sponsorship: For sponsored work routes, workers can only proceed with their visa application once they have been assigned a Certificate of Sponsorship (CoS) from their sponsor, detailing the role and confirming that the applicant meets the job requirements.
English Language Proficiency: The UK work visa system requires most applicants to demonstrate a command of the English language. Applicants are exempt from the English language requirement if they are 65 or over, cannot prove language competency due to a long-term physical or mental condition, or are nationals of one of the countries or territories specified by the Home Office. Most work visa applicants will need to prove their knowledge of English, either by providing evidence that their degree was taught or researched in English or by passing a recognised English language test at the B1, B2, C1, or C2 level of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), depending on the visa type. Tests can only be taken by approved UK Visas and Immigration (UKVI) providers.
Maintenance Funds: Applicants must demonstrate they have enough money to support themselves (and any dependents) while in the UK without access to public funds. The exact amount varies by visa type and whether the applicant brings dependents. Some visas also impose a minimum salary threshold.
Criminal Record Checks: Applicants may need to provide a criminal record certificate from any country they have lived in for 12 months or more (consecutively or cumulatively) over the last ten years. This is particularly relevant for jobs that involve working with vulnerable groups, including children and adults.
Good Character Requirement: The Home Office considers applicants' character, conduct, and associations when assessing their suitability. This includes considerations of any behaviour that has led to criminal convictions or actions considered non-conducive to the public good. This can consist of hate speech, extremist behaviour, or other actions deemed inappropriate. Applicants also must not have a history of immigration offences or breaches of conditions of their stay in the UK or elsewhere. This includes overstaying previous visas, illegal entry, or using deception in earlier applications. Applicants must not pose a threat to national security. This assessment can include checks against known databases and international cooperation to identify individuals who may pose a security risk. Eligibility: To qualify for a Skilled Worker visa, you must: Work for a UK employer that's been approved by the Home Office. Have a 'certificate of sponsorship' (CoS) from your employer with information about the role you've been offered in the UK. Do a job that's on the list of eligible occupations. Be paid a minimum salary - how much depends on the type of work you do and the date you got your CoS. The specific eligibility depends on your job. You must have a confirmed job offer before you apply for your visa. Knowledge of English: You must be able to speak, read, write, and understand English. You'll usually need to prove your knowledge of English when you apply. If you're not eligible for a Skilled Worker visa, you may qualify for another type of visa to work in the UK. |
Work Visa Application Process: Applying for a UK work visa involves a series of steps to ensure that only qualified individuals enter the UK for employment. The required steps include: Determine the Correct Visa Type: Get Sponsored: Prepare Your Documents: Apply Online: Pay the Visa Fee and Healthcare Surcharge: Book and Attend a Biometric Appointment: Submit Your Documents: Attend an Interview (if required): Receive Your Visa Decision: Wait for the decision on your visa application. Processing times can vary, so check the typical times for your visa type. Documents Required for the Application: The documents you must provide to support your application will be determined by the type of visa you are applying for and your circumstances. As a minimum, you can expect to provide the following general documents and information: Passport: Valid for the entirety of your stay. Certificate of Sponsorship (CoS): Provide a reference number from your UK sponsor, if applicable. Proof of Knowledge of English: Usually a test result or a degree taught in English. Bank Statements: You have enough funds to support yourself in the UK. Tuberculosis Test Results: Required if you're from a listed country. Criminal Record Certificate: This is for some jobs, especially those involving vulnerable people. Salary Details: Documentation from your sponsor confirming your salary. Guide for a Successful Application: Improve your chances of a successful UK work visa application by following these steps: Double-Check the Visa Type: Ensure you're applying for the correct visa type that matches your job offer and qualifications. Complete Application Accurately: Provide accurate and complete information. Inconsistencies can lead to delays or denials. Organise Documents Carefully: Keep your documents well-organised and follow any specific instructions about formatting or translating documents. Meet the English Requirement: Ensure you meet the English language requirement for your visa category and have official documentation to prove it. Maintain Financial Stability: Show a stable financial history and sufficient savings to support your stay in the UK above the required minimum. Follow Health Guidelines: If applicable, complete any necessary health checks, such as the tuberculosis test. Consult with an Expert: If unsure about any part of the process, consider consulting with a legal expert specialising in UK immigration to guide you. Visa application using super priority service: Suppose you require an urgent decision on your visa application. In that case, you may be eligible to use the "Super Priority Service" or the "Priority Service", which offers faster processing times for an additional fee. These services aim to provide a decision on your visa application within 24 hours or five working days, respectively. To get a faster decision on your UK visa application, you'll need to pay £1,000 for the "Super Priority Service" or £500 for the "Priority Service" fee per applicant in addition to the visa application fee. |
UK Skilled Worker Visa Changes: The New Immigration Rules in 2025: These are the most significant changes to the UK Skilled Worker visa rules and immigration policy in 2025. Significant updates to visa regulations, workforce mobility, and compliance requirements are coming. In March, the Home Office published the latest statement on changes to the Immigration Rules. The government will also set out the direction of immigration policy for the remainder of this parliament in an upcoming whitepaper, which will be released sometime this year. But until these details are fully released, let's look at the latest updates. From sponsorship costs to electronic travel authorisation (ETA) requirements, here's what you need to know to stay compliant, as of May 2025. Sponsorship and Skilled Worker Visa Changes: The most significant update applies to employers in the care sector.
Enforcement measures are also becoming stricter. Over the past few years, UKVI has clarified that enforcing sponsor compliance is a top priority. In 2024, the government took a stricter and more focused approach to sponsor licence compliance. Notably, 513 skilled worker sponsor licences had been revoked by Q3 of 2024, surpassing 377 revocations in 2023. Sponsorship is viewed as a privilege to be earned and not a right. This scrutiny will continue to increase throughout 2025. == Change of Employment Clarification: A worker does not need to apply for an employment change if the employer changes but the sponsor remains the same, for example, if the new employer is a registered branch of the existing sponsor. UK Visas and Immigration (UKVI) has already begun implementing measures and updated its guidance to introduce a new set of restrictions on skilled worker sponsors from passing on the cost of a sponsor licence application or associated administrative costs to a sponsored worker. Key Personnel Restrictions: The Home Office may now refuse a sponsor licence application if a member of the proposed Key Personnel has been named on a previously denied application within 6 months. Defined CoS: Sponsors may apply for a defined CoS even before selecting a candidate, as long as they "reasonably anticipate" the need to sponsor a worker outside the UK—this shift from the earlier requirement to simply "think" that a worker might be needed. The practical application of this change remains to be seen. New Sponsorship Costs for Skilled Workers: The UK government has implemented a significant policy shift regarding sponsorship costs for skilled workers. Effective December 31, 20244, sponsors are prohibited from passing certain sponsorship costs to skilled workers. This change aims to address concerns about work-related debt and exploitation. The following costs are now prohibited from being passed on to sponsored employees:
These prohibitions align with the existing rule against passing the Immigration Skills Charge to workers. However, the employer can still recoup other immigration-related costs, such as visa application fees, Home Office commercial partner service charges, and Immigration Health Surcharge. Global Talent Visa: The visa is designed to admit academic leaders, arts and culture leaders, and digital technology leaders. As of April 2025, the government has adjusted some of the application requirements as follows: Professional CV and Letters: From April 2025, all Global Talent Visa applicants in Arts, Culture, Architecture, Fashion, PACT, and Digital Technology must submit a professional CV and letters of support demonstrating a relevant working relationship with the referee in their field. Specificity: Letters must now explicitly confirm that the applicant has worked with the referee in a relevant, field-specific capacity. Penalties for Non-Compliance: Non-compliance with these new regulations can lead to the revocation of your sponsor licence. This can result in reputational damage, financial losses, and significant disruption for existing sponsored workers. Employer Responsibilities: Employers should take the following steps to ensure compliance:
== Electronic Travel Authorisation Scheme: The ETA grants permission to travel to the United Kingdom, similar to the US's Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA). The ETA applies to UK visitors who do not need a visa for tourism, transit, visiting family and friends, business, or short-term study. It also applies to those coming to the UK for up to three months on the Creative Worker visa concession and those coming for a permitted paid engagement. From April 2025, the fee for an ETA application rises from £10 to £16. It is not applicable for those holding a UK visa, those with permission to live, work, or study in the United Kingdom, or British or Irish nationals. Key Dates And Eligibility: The scheme will be mandatory for non-European nationals, including US nationals, starting January 2025. The scheme has been live since October 2023. The rollout dates are as follows:
== UK ETA vs UK Visitor Visa: The ETA is not a visa and does not grant the right to live or work in the United Kingdom. Visitor visa rules still bind visitors, and must comply with these regulations. Those working in the United Kingdom must obtain the appropriate visa before travelling. Employer Responsibilities:
== Transition to eVisas: UK Visas and Immigration (UKVI) will continue transitioning to a fully digital immigration system. In 2024, the process replaced physical documents, such as the biometric residence permit (BRP), with digital eVisas. UKVI has confirmed that expired documents are valid for international travel until March 31, 20255. This is because individuals were facing technical issues in obtaining eVisas, and there were concerns that the technical issues could lead to a Windrush-style scandal. This extended timeline will likely be under review. Employer Responsibilities: If your employees hold a BRP, they can continue to use it as evidence of their permission to travel to the UK until March 31, 20255. They should still create an eVisa account on the gov.uk website (if they have not already done so). Creating an eVisa account will allow your employees to access and update their immigration status online and provide evidence of their right to work and rent. == Changes to Students and Graduates Switching to the Skilled Worker Route: The Graduate visa remains a valuable option for businesses hiring international graduates from UK universities. As of November 22nd last year, the "Tier 4" student graduate switching to a Skilled Worker Certificate of Sponsorship (CoS) is no longer available on the sponsor management system. The way that CoSs are assigned to individuals switching from the student or graduate route into the skilled worker route has been updated. This is now reflected in each company's sponsor licence system. Those who wish to sponsor a worker with current permission as a student who wants to apply to the skilled worker route must now use the new CoS category of "Skilled Work (Student course complete switching to Skilled Worker)". Students switching to the Skilled Worker route will continue to be exempt from the immigration skills charge. This change has been welcomed as many sponsors could mistakenly choose the incorrect category when trying to sponsor graduates, which can lead to either a refusal or a delay in deciding on the application. Employer Responsibilities: Industries such as technology, finance, and healthcare have leveraged the Graduate visa to address skill shortages. The visa's flexibility means employers don't need to apply for a Certificate of Sponsorship. As the UK government reviews post-study work policies, businesses should monitor potential changes that could enhance or restrict access to international graduates. == Right-to-Work Checks: It is paramount that right-to-work checks are correctly carried out when hiring individuals. This is particularly true for those with a sponsor licence and hiring individuals from abroad. Extension of Who is Subject to Right-to-Work Checks: As of September 23 last year, the right-to-work guidance also applies to employers who employ staff under a service or apprenticeship and via the use of a contract of employment, whether express or implied, and whether oral or in writing. This means that where the worker is not a direct employee, the right-to-work check must be carried out, and evidence must be kept that this has been undertaken. Once this has been completed, the business will have complied with its sponsor duties. Employer Responsibilities: If the right-to-work checks are not carried out correctly, the employer, not the staff members carrying out the checks, is liable for a civil penalty. The employer must ensure compliance even if a business uses an external identity service provider. The employer will still be liable for the civil penalty in two cases: first, if it is found later that an employee is working without the relevant right to work; and second, if it is "reasonably apparent" that the check was not carried out correctly. A check being carried out by a third party is not a statutory excuse unless the check is made on British and Irish nationals with valid passports. == The rise in the Work Visa Fees: The cost of a visa to work in the UK is rising across the board, including the Skilled Worker visa. The following visa fees all increased on April 9, 20255:
== Other Changes to UK Visa Policy: A few other miscellaneous changes to UK immigration and visa policy will also occur in 2025.
== Looking Ahead: 2025 promises more change for UK immigration. As the UK immigration system goes fully digital, employers should stay alert to new developments. From the expansion of the ETA scheme to potential changes in visa sponsorship linked to training, businesses must keep abreast of any changes to ensure compliance while leveraging a diverse talent pool. The government is set to announce a UK Immigration White Paper to outline the policy strategy for the remainder of the Parliament. |
Know more about visa terms: Skilled Worker Visa: A visa category allowing individuals with a job offer from a UK employer to live and work in the UK. == Points-Based System (PBS): A system used by the UK government to manage immigration for those wishing to work, study, or invest in the UK. Applicants are awarded points for fulfilling specific criteria, such as having a job offer, speaking English, and meeting salary requirements. == Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR): Permanent residency status allows individuals to live and work in the UK indefinitely. Settlement: Another term for obtaining Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR), meaning you are no longer subject to immigration control and can live permanently in the UK == Sponsor Licence: Permission granted to UK employers to hire foreign nationals under specific work visa categories. Companies must apply for and obtain a sponsor licence to issue Certificates of Sponsorship. == Sponsor: A UK employer with a valid sponsorship license can employ workers outside the UK. == Maintenance Funds: Financial proof is required to show that applicants can support themselves and their dependents in the UK. == Biometric Appointment: An appointment where applicants provide their fingerprints and photo as part of the visa application process. == Health and Care Visa: A visa route for eligible health professionals to work in the UK is part of the Skilled Worker Visa category. == English Language Requirement: Visa applicants need to prove their English proficiency through approved tests or qualifications. == Job Offer: Employment provided by a UK employer that meets the criteria for the Skilled Worker Visa. == Immigration Health Surcharge (IHS): A fee that visa applicants pay to access the UK's National Health Service (NHS) during their stay. It is paid as part of the visa application process. == Switching Visas: The process of changing from one visa category to another while remaining in the UK. == Visa Extension: Applying to extend the duration of an existing visa before it expires. == Dependents: Family members, such as spouse/partner and children under 18, can apply to join the primary visa holder in the UK. == Settlement: Obtaining Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR) after meeting the necessary criteria and residency requirements. == Salary Threshold: The relevant minimum salary required for a job to be eligible for the Skilled Worker Visa. == Home Office: The UK government department responsible for immigration, security, and law and order. == Visa Processing Time: The period it takes for the Home Office to process a visa application is typically three to eight weeks. == Right to Work: The legal authorization for a visa holder to be employed in the UK under their visa conditions. == Certificate of Sponsorship (CoS): An electronic document issued by a UK employer that confirms a job offer and is required for the visa application. == Biometric Residence Permit (BRP) & eVISA: A card containing your biographic details (name, date of birth, and fingerprints) and a photo as a form of identification. It also shows your immigration status and entitlements while you remain in the UK. BRPs have been replaced by eVisas and will no longer be accepted as proof of status in the UK from January 1, 20255. == Immigration Salary List: A list published by the UK government of skilled jobs with a shortage of workers in the UK. == National Insurance Number (NINO): A unique number that tracks your UK taxes and national insurance contributions. It's required for all workers, including those from overseas. |
FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions) on UK Immigration and work visa rules: |
Who Needs a Visa to Work in the UK? Following the end of free movement between the UK and the EU, except for Irish citizens, all non-UK resident foreign nationals, including EEA and non-EEA nationals who are not settled workers or do not otherwise have permission to undertake work in the UK, need a visa and authorisation to work here. |
What is a work visa in the UK? A UK work visa allows individuals to come or stay in the UK for an eligible job with an approved employer for a specified period. The UK offers several types of long-term and short-term work visas, each designed for different purposes and categories of workers. |
What are the types of work visas available in the UK? The UK offers a range of work visas to accommodate different employment needs. Each work visa category has its specific requirements and benefits. Here are some of the most common types of UK work visas: Popular work visas:
== Start a business:
== Work visas you can apply for without a job offer:
== Temporary work visas:
== Other work visas and permits:
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How do you apply for a UK work visa? First, determine the correct type of work visa for your situation. The application is primarily completed online through the UK Government's official website. You'll need a job offer from a licensed sponsor (if applicable), and you must gather all required documents, including proof of English language proficiency and financial support. Once you have determined your eligibility and gathered all the necessary documents, it's time to start the UK work visa application process. Although applying for a UK work visa may seem daunting, it can be a smooth and successful experience with the proper guidance and preparation. Follow this step-by-step guide to applying for your UK work visa:
Following the above steps and seeking professional advice, you can confidently navigate the UK work visa application process. |
How long does it take to get the visa? You can apply for a visa up to 3 months before the day you are due to start work in the UK. This date is listed on your certificate of sponsorship. You must prove your identity and provide the documents required for your application. You may need to allow extra time if you need an appointment to do this. You'll find out if you need one when you start your application. Getting a decision: Once you've applied online, proved your identity, and provided your documents, you'll usually get a decision on your visa within:
You may be able to pay for a faster decision - you'll be told if you can when applying. |
How much does it cost? You, your partner, or your children will each need to:
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What can you and cannot do with a skilled worker visa? With a Skilled Worker visa, you can:
With a Skilled Worker visa, you cannot:
If your application is successful, you'll get a complete list of what you can and cannot do with a Skilled Worker visa. |
Which visa is suitable for working in public sector healthcare? If you're a doctor or nurse or work in health or adult social care, check if you can apply for the Health and Care Worker visa instead. It's cheaper to apply for and you do not need to pay the annual immigration health surcharge. |
What are the new sponsorship costs in 2025? Since April 9, 2025, sponsorship costs for UK employers have increased, reflecting the government's aim to manage net migration. The sponsor licence fee is now £1,579 for medium or large sponsors and £574 for small businesses or charities. The Certificate of Sponsorship (CoS) fee for Skilled Worker and most other routes increased sharply from £239 to £525, a 120% increase. Temporary Worker CoS fees also increased from £25 to £55. Employers should review budgets and ensure compliance with the latest fee structure. |
How have visa and application fees changed in 2025? Most UK visa and nationality fees have increased by 5–10% from April 2025. For example, the Innovator Founder visa fee is now £1,274, and the Start-up visa is £465. Check the Home Office website for the latest fee tables. |
What are the new minimum salary thresholds (2025) for Skilled Worker visas? The minimum salary threshold for Skilled Worker visa applicants has increased to £38,700 per year (or the going rate for the role, if higher). The minimum salary threshold for the Health and Care visa subroute has increased to £25000. Some roles in health and care, and those qualifying as "new entrants," may have different thresholds. Employers must ensure all offers meet these new requirements. |
Can employers recoup sponsorship costs from sponsored workers? No. From January 2025, it is prohibited for employers to recoup or attempt to recoup sponsorship-related fees from sponsored workers. Breaches can result in licence revocation. |
Do sponsor licences still need to be renewed? No. Since April 2024, sponsor licences have been valid for 10 years and renew automatically unless there is a compliance issue. This reduces employers' administrative burdens. |
What are the new recruitment rules for care providers in England? From April 9, 20255, care providers in England must demonstrate they have tried to recruit care workers already in England before sponsoring new overseas workers. This is part of a government effort to prioritize domestic recruitment in the care sector. |
Who needs an ETA to travel to the UK? From April 2025, most visitors from countries previously eligible for visa-free travel—including EU and EEA nationals—must obtain an Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA) before entering the UK. The ETA is required for tourism, short-term business, study, or transit. It is not a visa but digital pre-clearance, valid for two years or until the passport expires, and allows multiple visits of up to six months each. |
Are there any exemptions to the ETA requirement (2025)? Yes. British and Irish citizens and British National (Overseas) passport holders are exempt from the ETA. Additionally, children under 18 traveling as part of an organized French school group do not need an ETA. |
How much does an ETA cost, and how do I apply? As of April 2025, the ETA costs £16. Applications are made online and require a valid passport, email address, and payment method. Approval is usually quick, but travelers are advised to apply before travel. |
Can businesses still hire international graduates? Yes, the Graduate visa allows businesses to hire international graduates without sponsorship for up to two years post-study. |
Are there penalties for non-compliance with sponsorship rules? Yes. From 2025, penalties for employing illegal workers have doubled to £60,000 per worker. Repeat offenders may face two-year bans from sponsoring. Employers are also prohibited from passing sponsorship costs (including licence and CoS fees) to workers, with licence revocation possible for breaches. |
How can businesses stay updated on immigration policies (2025)? Employers should regularly check the official GOV.UK website for immigration updates, subscribe to alerts from reputable immigration law firms, and consult with immigration specialists to ensure compliance and strategic workforce planning. |
What are the fees for UK work visas? Visa fees vary depending on the type of visa, the length of your stay, and whether you are applying from inside or outside the UK. For example, Skilled Worker visas can cost from £719 to £1,084 for applications made outside the UK, depending on the visa length and job type. Always check the official UK Government website for the most current fee structure. |
What is the processing time of a UK work visa? Work visa applications submitted outside the UK using the standard service take 3 weeks to process. However, you may be eligible to use priority service to get a faster decision. If the work visa application is made from inside the UK, the Home Office generally takes up to 8 weeks to decide. The processing time for a UK visa application can vary depending on several factors, including the type of visa application, the country from which you are applying, and the volume of applications being processed by the UK Visas and Immigration (UKVI). All applicants, whether applying from inside or outside the UK, are advised to check the latest information about UK visa application processing times on the official UK government website. |
Can I bring my family members with me on a UK work visa? Yes, most UK work visas allow you to bring dependents, including your spouse, partner, and children under 18. Each dependent must apply separately, and you must show you have the financial means to support them during their stay. |
Can I extend my UK work visa? Yes, many work visas can be extended, provided you continue to meet the eligibility criteria. This typically involves having a job offer from a licensed sponsor and may require proving your English language proficiency again. The specific conditions and process for extension vary by visa category. |
Do I need to pay the healthcare surcharge? Most work visa applicants must pay the Immigration Health Surcharge (IHS) as part of their application, granting access to the NHS on the same basis as a UK resident. The current rate is £1,035 per year for most adults and £776 per year for students, youth mobility, and those under 18. |
Can I switch from another visa to a work visa while in the UK? In many cases, you can switch from another visa type to a work visa without leaving the UK, provided you meet the specific visa requirements and have not entered the UK on a visitor visa or a short-term student visa. Check that your current visa type allows switching. |
What happens if my work visa application is rejected? If your application is rejected, you will receive a letter explaining the reason for the decision. You can apply for an administrative review if you believe there was a mistake in processing your application. Replying with corrected information or additional documents may sometimes be necessary. |
How do you get a work permit for the UK without a job offer? Applying for a high-potential individual visa, graduate visa, or global talent visa in the UK without a job offer can result in a work visa or work permit. While a job offer is not required, applicants must meet other criteria to successfully apply for an unsponsored work visa in the UK. |
How long can you stay in the UK? Your visa can last up to 5 years before you need to extend it. You'll need to apply to expand or update your visa when it expires, or if you change jobs or employers. If you want to stay longer in the UK, you can apply to extend your visa as many times as you like if you still meet the eligibility requirements. After 5 years, you may be able to apply to settle permanently in the UK (also known as 'indefinite leave to remain' - ILR). This gives you the right to live, work, and study here for as long as you like, and apply for benefits if you're eligible. |
How will you get support or help?
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It is the UK Government's Official Skilled Worker Visa Page.
It is helpful for guidance on the UK Visa and Immigration (UKVI).
It will provide information regarding the Points-Based Immigration System.
It provides the information regarding Visa Processing Times.
It provides information regarding the Register of Licensed Sponsors and Workers.
It provides the information regarding the guidance for Sponsors.
It provides information regarding the Skilled Worker Visa. |
Summary of the blog: |
You will require a UK work visa or a work permit if you are a foreign national looking to work in the UK. To secure a work visa or a work permit for the UK, in most cases, you must have a job offer from an employer with a sponsor licence. Some exceptions exist, including the high potential individual (HPI) and graduate visas. After Brexit, EU nationals who wish to work in the UK must also apply for a work visa or work permit. However, EU nationals with Pre-Settled or Settled Status under the EU settlement scheme do not require a work visa or permit to work in the UK. |
Points-Based System (PBS): These visas are categorised primarily under the Points-Based System (PBS), which assesses applicants based on factors such as skill level, salary, and the nature of the job offer. Under the UK’s points-based system, there are various immigration routes, both short and long-term, under which an overseas national can apply for leave to enter or remain in the UK for work. Selecting the appropriate work visa is crucial for several reasons. First, it ensures that applicants legally comply with UK immigration laws, avoiding potential issues such as application denials or deportation. Second, the correct visa type aligns with the individual’s career goals and the nature of their employment, whether it’s a long-term position, a short-term assignment, or a unique role contributing significantly to their field. The consequences of choosing an incorrect visa type can range from processing delays to the application’s outright rejection. Therefore, understanding each visa type’s specific requirements and conditions is essential. This includes knowledge of visa fees, processing times, the application process, and any restrictions or rights associated with the visa, such as access to public funds, healthcare, and the ability to bring dependents. |
The Skilled Worker visa: The Skilled Worker visa, which replaced the Tier 2 (General) visa, is the main work visa for overseas nationals. It allows employers to sponsor non-UK nationals to work in the UK in eligible, skilled roles. The visa is open to individuals who attain 70 points by meeting specific eligibility requirements such as skill and salary level, English language ability, and a qualifying job offer from a UK employer with a valid sponsorship licence. The Skilled Worker visa makes provisions for spouses, ‘durable’ partners, and dependent children to apply to join the main visa applicant list in the UK as Skilled Worker dependents. The Skilled Worker visa is granted for up to five years, after which the worker can become eligible to apply for UK Indefinite Leave to Remain. Whether you are an employer looking to hire someone from overseas or are an individual applying for a sponsored work visa, it will be essential to understand the Skilled Worker visa eligibility and application requirements to avoid issues or delays with the Home Office application. A refused application will result in the loss of the application fee and the individual not being allowed to come to the UK for work. Skilled worker visa applications generally take up to 8 weeks if applying from within the UK or up to 3 weeks if the application is made outside the UK. It may be possible to pay for fast-tracked processing, depending on where the application is being processed. |
The Health and Care Worker visa is similar to the Skilled Worker visa. This visa is open to qualified doctors, nurses, health professionals, and adult social care professionals who are sponsored to work for a UK-licensed health and care sector employer. Health and Care visa applicants must have an eligible job and meet the salary requirements of this category. |
Each work visa category has specific eligibility requirements, which applicants must show they satisfy in their applications. |
Sponsorship License: It is an authorization that a UK employer needs to employ foreign workers and ensure they meet UKVI (UK Visa and Immigration) requirements. Certificate of Sponsorship (CoS): A reference number given to the applicant by their UK employer, who must be licensed to sponsor workers. It contains information about the job and the worker’s details. It is essential for most work visa applications. Immigration Health Surcharge (IHS): A fee paid by visa applicants to access the UK’s National Health Service (NHS) during their stay. Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR): Permission to stay in the UK without any time limits. It is also known as ‘settlement’, and it can lead to applying for British citizenship. |
Document checklist for UK work visas: Applying for a UK work visa requires submitting various supporting documents to prove eligibility. A complete and well-organised document package is essential for a successful visa application. The required documents include: Proof of Identity: Valid passport or travel document. Job Offer: Letter from employer confirming job offer. Certificate of Sponsorship (CoS): Your certificate of sponsorship reference number - your employer will give you this. English Language Proficiency: English language test certificate (IELTS, TOEFL, Cambridge English, etc.). Educational Qualifications: Educational certificates and transcripts. Previous Employment: References or CV/resume. Financial Documents: Bank statements, employment contracts, sponsorship letters. Tuberculosis (TB) Test Results: Valid TB test certificate (if applicable). Additional Documents: Varies depending on visa category (criminal record certificates, proof of qualifications, proof of business ownership, etc.). It is crucial to note that the exact document requirements may vary depending on your specific circumstances and the visa category you are applying for. |
Visa application process: You must apply online. How you apply depends on whether you’re:
You must apply to update your visa to change your job or employer. Your partner and children can apply to join you or stay in the UK as your ‘dependents’ if they’re eligible. |
UK work visa application processing timeline: Processing times can vary significantly based on the visa type, application volume, and individual circumstances. Generally, work visa applications are processed within three weeks when applying from outside the UK. However, it can take longer during peak times or if additional information is needed. Some visa categories offer expedited processing for an extra fee. |
Visa Extension is possible, which means applying to extend your stay in the UK under the same visa category before your visa expires. |
Legal Disclaimer: The information provided is for general informational purposes only. This blog does not constitute legal or tax advice, nor is it a complete or authoritative statement of the law, and should not be treated as such. While every effort is made to ensure that the information is correct at the time of writing, no warranty, express or implied, is given regarding its accuracy, and no liability is accepted for any error or omission. Moreover, the law may change, and the information may not reflect current legal developments. This blog is prepared from data compiled and summarized from various websites, such as those mentioned in the blog. Therefore, no warranty is given regarding the accuracy or completeness of the information, and I do not accept liability in such cases. The information given in the blog is general and not tailored to a specific company or workforce. This blog is not AI-generated. Instead, it is manually written. Therefore, I do not take any responsibility (legal or otherwise) for its editing errors., Blogger makes no representations or warranties concerning this information's accuracy, correctness, completeness, or timeliness and shall have no liability arising out of or in connection with it, including any loss caused by use of, or reliance on, the information. Before using any information from this blog, it is better to refer to the related websites of the UK government, authorized law firms, and/or legal professionals. |
https://www.gov.uk/skilled-worker-visa https://reissedwards.co.uk/immigration/uk-work-visas/ https://www.davidsonmorris.com/work-visa-uk-2024/ https://www.centuroglobal.com/article/uk-immigration-2025-changes/ https://www.davidsonmorris.com/skilled-worker-visa/ https://www.moeenco.com/work-visas-uk |
My personal opinion: The UK is an attractive destination for international professionals. This blog, prepared with great care, provides authentic and updated information on work visa rules, including the updated skilled worker visa rules in 2025. It contains a lot of information. To get a clear picture of the visa rules, read them twice or thrice. Best of luck. |
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